I got into an argumentative discussion on the IOD Linked In discussion group recently with a tax adviser/accountant who asserted that 'We have the right to choose how much tax we pay.'
Firstly, I was pretty miffed at the use of the royal 'We' as I certainly do not choose how much tax I pay. Secondly, there was not just an implication but a direct argument in the discussion that people have the right to not pay the correct amount of tax they owe. If they want to not pay it, they can. He claimed also that this is perfectly legal under the statutes governing tax.
The Royal 'We'
What the chap meant was that the 'We' he was referring too were those rich enough to afford the fees and special mechanisms in the murky world of 'Tax Mitigation' (heaven forbid we call it 'Avoidance'). As he was using the Linked In IOD Forum he was referring to the 'We' as those who are members of the IOD. This meant me.
He was wrong there on two counts - 1) I cannot afford such fees and suspect mechanisms and 2) I would not want to participate in any of them.
Of course, as much as the next person, I don't want to have to pay all the tax asked of me. I will use up as many allowances as I can like ISA, capital gains, some dividends from my company etc in but I am very opposed to going beyond the statutory allowances - I believe in paying my way fairly. If I don't like it, and I am opposed to the new taxes proposed, I will lobby and vote against it whenever I have the opportunity, but I will pay it if I have to.
A gaggle of directors I overheard this morning were discussing how they could take their earnings above £150k as 'fees' into limited companies thereby enabling them to not draw a salary and pay themselves in dividends which are taxed a great deal less and neither the company nor the 'contractor' pays National Insurance. They were worried about the VAT implications - I would be more worried about explaining to HMRC what their company does and why they only have one client. Of course, there would be an added benefit to the company, as they would not have troublesome Industrial Tribunals if they just terminated their contracts and wouldn't have to pay a bean in any compensation or redundancy money, nor any pension contributions or fringe benefits. Hey, why don't we all do it!?
The royal 'We' here, of course, would get found out by HMRC in an instant. From my perspective, and I have a limited company, I contract to several clients at once and not one occupies my time fully. The specific legislation on IR35, as it is known, is an area fraught with danger. It effectively says any contractor must form a legal limited company and take fees but they should show that over time they are not just working for one client - otherwise it is deemed to be a 'scam' to avoid paying the taxes associated with being an employee. Most contractors will show, even if they have a few long contracts, that over time they work with several different companies on different projects.
The royal 'We' might have a bit of difficulty on all that. What they hadn't considered would be what happened to their stock options and other goodies but as usual they were just focusing on their current pocket.
Dividends vs Salary
It was always a neat scam, even as a contractor, to pay yourself a small salary and then take whacking great dividends and save all the associated employee taxes. Naturally, HMRC became wise to that, as usually the dividends spookily equalled the amount of salary the person would have normally earned and, moreover, seemed to be paid monthly like clockwork, exactly when the client paid their invoice. In fairness, some contractors who get paid agency or commission fees based on the sales they generate can easily justify their small salary and high dividends - they cannot predict when they are going to earn their next cheque. Even so, HMRC is pretty dubious and sceptical on the whole thing and err on the side of stopping the practice even if it is justified.
You see, the ideas my director friends had were the obvious ones that the tax adviser would have paid only a single charge for telling them as there is no ongoing knowledge to impart. What the tax adviser would be doing for the royal, and very royal, 'We' would be to tell about how to pay no tax on very big amounts of money.
The Big Scams
The richer you are, the less tax you pay. That's the simple rule of thumb. It's convenient to marry someone who might be able to claim they are a non-domiciled person. But for good effect, it's best to own a 'primary' residence outside the UK and in a place where there are pretty low personal taxes. Places favoured by the rich are Monaco, the Channel Islands, Isle of Man or Switzerland. To boot, they are all nice places - no riff raff, generally speaking, and one has the advantage of having a decent football team. Having played cricket on Jersey, I can recommend it highly and we even bumped into 'Charlie Hungerford' from Bergerac fame once and gave him an exploding cigar. I digress.
The very rich basically siphon all their money into these domains. But this is for the F1 racing drivers, popstars and big swinging whatevers from business like Stelios or Philip Green. When you have such a set up, you can choose how much tax you can pay, alright. In the case of Philip Green he paid himself a single dividend of £1.2 billion and did not pay a penny of UK tax on any of it. The money wasn't really even earned by his company, it was a bank loan. By paying it to his wife, who was a qualified non-dom, he made doubly sure no-one could chase him. All he makes sure of is that he doesn't spend more than 90 days in the UK in any single tax year - although the days on which he travels either there or back or through, do not count. If you are rich enough, that is not an issue. Mind you, if you own your own budget airline, the last thing you want to do is go on it even if it flies to Nice. It's not exactly a company perk then, is it?
Some years ago, the fashion was to hold the shares in your company in an offshore Trust. These were lovely and expensive to set up and 'administer'. Famously, Lords Sainsbury and Levy operated these for at least a while, which meant that they took zero earnings in the UK but lived off the dividends generated by the shares in the offshore Trust which were miraculously tax free. I am, not sure if that particular avenue has been closed down now, but it was a belter.
Of course, the wise thing to do if you are mega-rich is to register your company offshore. Not the one that generates all the profit mind you - leave that on British soil, just make sure that the entity is owned by another and charges it a management charge exactly equal to the profits made or a few quid less to be on the safe side. Many of these rich fellows don't take much in the way of salary. Between expenses and dividends they are well cared for and most of these will be taken outside of the country and wrapped up as capital gains, carry forwards and other complex 'cheats' to make it look as though they earn nothing taxable but are actually taking millions or billions.
This is the royal 'We' that adviser was on about. Of course, there are some mini-scams for the not so filthy rich which helps make sure that very little of the tax Brown and Darling are aiming to get their hands on will actually be collected and thanks to giving everyone a year's heads up, there is plenty of time to pay the advisers for their advice and get round it. As always, it will be those just getting enough to qualify for the new tax but not enough to afford the advice and complicated instruments of 'avoidance' who will really get hit. Already, HMRC has indicated it will hammer down on 'salary sacrifice' which is the idea of giving up the portion of your salary above £150k and taking it as an employer's contribution to your pension. It means it can't be spent yet but at least you get your tax back. Not anymore - the proposal is a tapering tax which starts at 20% of the employer's contribution for a £150k earner and rises to 30% for those earning above £180k.
HMRC has already indicated it will be watching out for those earning around these thresholds who suddenly elect to 'sacrifice' part of their salary or bonus and take is as a employer pension contribution. But then again, they have a year to sort all this out.
Sympathy
It is those who earn around these threshold levels who I actually feel sorry for and it is where Darling is aiming. Just as the majority of law abiding citizens, who do not cause accidents or kill people on the roads, are the ones targeted by police with speed cameras as they are the ones who will pay however much they may not like it. The people who kill or have accidents are usually the ones who don't bother paying or can afford fancy lawyers to get them off on technicalities. The same is true of tax. Morally, it is corrupt.
The Government has blown a lot of money in the last year on this whole financial crisis and we are going to be paying for it for an awful long time - out until 2032 is the estimate on some £1.3 trillion of borrowing. The one thing you can be very sure of is that these will not be the only unpopular taxes introduced. You can also be sure that it will not just be the rich who get fleeced - ordinary, middle grounders and lower paid people will be disproportionately targeted through things like fuel tax or alcohol duty and will collectively pay more. Why? Because we will pay as we have no choice.
Tax 'Mitigation' or 'Avoidance' is one of the luxuries of being rich.
